ABSTRACT
Recent crises have underscored the importance that housing has in sustaining good health and, equally, its potential to harm health. Considering this and building on Howden-Chapman's early glossary of housing and health and the WHO Housing and Health Guidelines, this paper introduces a range of housing and health-related terms, reflecting almost 20 years of development in the field. It defines key concepts currently used in research, policy and practice to describe housing in relation to health and health inequalities. Definitions are organised by three overarching aspects of housing: affordability (including housing affordability stress (HAS) and fuel poverty), suitability (including condition, accessibility and sustainable housing) and security (including precarious housing and homelessness). Each of these inter-related aspects of housing can be either protective of, or detrimental to, health. This glossary broadens our understanding of the relationship between housing and health to further promote interdisciplinarity and strengthen the nexus between these fields.
Subject(s)
Health Status , Housing , Costs and Cost Analysis , Ill-Housed Persons , Housing/economics , Humans , PovertyABSTRACT
The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been associated with increased risk of thrombosis. Understanding of the management of these rare events is evolving, and currently recommended treatments include human normal immunoglobulin and nonheparin anticoagulation such as direct oral anticoagulants. Our report describes three consecutive patients presenting to a London teaching hospital with vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), also referred to as vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia. The patients ranged in age from 40 to 54 years and two had no known previous medical comorbidities. Two patients had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and one had a deep vein thrombosis. Two were treated with anticoagulation, one with oral rivaroxaban and the other with an intravenous argotraban infusion that was later converted to oral apixaban. One patient received three doses of human normal immunoglobulin and 5 days of therapeutic plasma exchange. This case series may be used to improve understanding of the clinical course and management of VITT.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Thrombocytopenia , Thrombosis , Vaccines , Adult , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , London , Middle Aged , Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced , Thrombosis/chemically induced , Vaccines/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Guidance must be faster, bolder, and problem based